{"id":2755,"date":"2020-01-09T14:21:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T14:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/w5.themedemo.co\/moovit\/?p=2755"},"modified":"2020-01-09T14:21:00","modified_gmt":"2020-01-09T14:21:00","slug":"customized-fleet-technology-solution-leads","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/?p=2755","title":{"rendered":"Theoretical Framework for Back-Translation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Back-translation is a validation tool widely used in international research settings, including, but not limited to, cross-cultural psychology, international marketing, educational assessments, quality of life research, and international nursing research.   As a rule, researchers use back-translation to validate the quality of translated research instruments, such as tests and questionnaires <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><strong> The method consists in re-translating the translated text back into the source language. The back-translation and the original document are compared for inconsistencies, and if none are found, the translation is considered equivalent. <\/strong><\/p><cite>Thomas Hunter,  translation specialist,  <\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> The method has many adherents and opponents; however, neither uses solid linguistic evidence in their arguments. This study is an attempt to suggest a theoretical linguistic framework for describing and evaluating the back-translation process, namely the cognitive linguistics approach, with the main focus on Langacker\u201fs Cognitive Grammar. The study is illustrated with examples from actual questionnaires translated from English into Ukrainian <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lyngva.foxthemes.me\/wp-content\/demo-uploads\/2020\/01\/business-people-meeting-in-office-N6JFCXV-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6326\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Cross-cultural social research is understood here as a generic term that covers such diverse fields as anthropology, cross-cultural psychology, international marketing research, quality of life research, etc. All these areas use specific research instruments, usually in the form of questionnaires, that are used basically as measurement tools.  <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Back-translation is a validation tool widely used in international research settings, including,but not limited to, cross-cultural psychology&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6561,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[36],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2755","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-documents"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2755"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2755\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/6561"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2755"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2755"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.foodoneclick.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2755"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}